What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of h2o

1.84 D, pointing to the O atom from the midpoint of the line joining the two H nuclei.

Step-by-step explanation:

(1) Direction

O is more electronegative than H, so an O_H bond dipole points from H to O along the bond axis.

There are two O-H bonds, so the net dipole points to the O atom from the midpoint of the line joining the two H nuclei (see diagram).

(2) Magnitude

The net dipole moment of water is the vector sum of the two O-H bond dipoles (1.50 D).

Consider the contribution from one O-H bond dipole.

The H-O-H bond angle of water is 104.5°.

Half that value is 52.25 °.

µ = 1.50(cos52.25°) = 1.50 × 0.6122 = 0.918

There are two bond dipoles, so the net molecular dipole is

µ = 2 × 0.918 D = 1.84 D

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