What geologic action may produce a chain of volcanic islands

a hot spot

Explanation:

Volcanic island chains are formed independently of the movements of tectonic plates. They are found above the hot spots caused by the mantle. Currents of hot materials from the mantle pierce a path through the crust, creating a chain of hot spot volcanoes. They form volcanoes that produce highly fluid lava that build the flat volcanoes of the shield. Example: Mauna loa, Hawaii.

they it depends on if one believes about radioactivity, they make a geiger counter beep but maybe it was going to beep anyway electronics do wierd things all the time or it was programmed to beep near certain metals.

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.