Ageologist discovers a fault in a massive rock while out in the field. he notices that the fault occurs at an angle and that the hanging wall has moved downward from the footwall.

what type of fault has the geologist found?

normal fault
reverse fault
divergent fault
strike-slip fault

normal fault

A fault refers to a planar or curved fracture in the rocks of the Earth crust, in which compressional or tensional forces results in the displacement of the rock on the opposite side of the fracture. Fault may vary in the length of the fracture. A normal fault is a fault in which the hanging wall of the rock moves downward to the footwall. It occurs when the two blocks of rock are separated apart by the tensional forces.  

On the basis of the above information, the normal fault is the fault that should be found by the geologists in the rock.

normal fault

Explanation:

In geology, faults are places where there are discontinuities in the volume of rocks or the ground, they can be caused by several different reasons the largest faults are created in places where two tectonic plates meet and collide, a normal fault happens when the hangin wall moves downward from the footwall at an angle.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.