Which type of reaction occurs when a high energy particle collliding with the nucleus of an atom converting that atom to an atom of a different element?

Transmutation is occurring! It occurs through radioactive decay or something like nuclear bombardment. :)

Because electrons have negligible mass, to account for the mass of the isotope, there must be 16 neutrons, 16 neutrally charged, massive, fundamental particles present in the sulfur nucleus. and thus finally, if we have the 32s2− ion, there are 18 electrons, 16 protons, and 16 neutrons.

The real answer is keeping the world healthy so we won’t die