Explain your answer.

14. element x, whose atoms have an outer-shell electron configuration ns^2np^3, is most likely to react chemically to form ions which have a charge of

(a) +3 (b) + 1 (c) -3 (d) -2

16. the n = 1 shell contains p sub-orbitals. all the other shells contain p sub-orbitals.

a. 3,6 b. 0,3 c. 6,2 d. 3,3

14. (C) -3; 16. B. 0, 3

Explanation:

14. Ionic charge

X: ns²np³.

The element is three electrons short of having a complete octet.

It is likely to react chemically to add those three electrons and form an X³⁻ ion.

16. Orbitals in subshells

The n = 1 shell contains no p orbitals. All the other shells contain three p orbitals.

The n = 1 shell contains only one s orbital. Every higher shell contains a p subshell, and each p subshell contains three p orbitals.

whats the meaning of /

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.