1. a student needs to make 80ml of a 4.5 x 10^-3 m solution of h_3po_4 (mm = 98) from solid. describe how the student would do this.

2. how many moles of alf_2 are in 4900 ml of of a 5.6m solution? how many moles of f^- is there?

3. describe how you would make 750 ml of a .80m solution of bacl_2 from a stock solution that is 2.0m?

1. 35 mg of H₃PO₄

2. 27 mol AlF₃; 82 mol F⁻

3. 300 mL of stock solution.

Explanation:

1. Preparing a solution of known molar concentration

Data:

V = 80 mL

c = 4.5 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹

Calculations:

(a) Moles of H₃PO₄

Molar concentration = moles of solute/litres of solution

c = n/V

n = Vc = 0.080L × (4.5 × 10⁻³ mol/1 L) = 3.60 × 10⁻⁴ mol

(b) Mass of H₃PO₄  

moles = mass/molar mass

n = m/MM

m = n × MM = 3.60 × 10⁻⁴ mol × (98 g/1 mol) = 0.035 g = 35 mg

(c) Procedure

Dissolve 35 mg of solid H₃PO₄  in enough water to make 80 mL of solution,

2. Moles of solute.

Data:

V = 4900 mL

c = 5.6 mol·L⁻¹

Calculations:

Moles of AlF₃ = cV = 4.9 L AlF₃ × (5.6 mol AlF₃/1L AlF₃) = 27 mol AlF₃

Moles of F⁻ = 27 mol AlF₃ × (3 mol F⁻/1 mol AlF₃) = 82 mol F⁻.

3. Dilution calculation

Data:

V₁= 750 mL; c₁ = 0.80 mol·L⁻¹

V₂ = ?            ; c₂ = 2.0   mol·L⁻¹

Calculation:

V₁c₁ = V₂c₂

V₂ = V₁ × c₁/c₂ = 750 mL × (0.80/2.0) = 300 mL

Procedure:

Measure out 300 mL of stock solution. Then add 500  mL of water.

"record the time to complete a chemical reaction" would most likely be part of a lab procedure.