What is true if ln k is negative?

a.δgorxn is positive and the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.

b.δgorxn is negative and the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.

c.δgorxn is negative and the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

d.δgorxn is positive and the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

e.δgorxn is zero and the reaction is at equilibrium?

d. ΔG°rxn is positive and the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

Explanation:

∵ ΔG°rxn = - RTlnK.

When lnK = negative, ΔG°rxn = - RT(- Ve).

∴ ΔG°rxn is positive.

When ΔG°rxn is:

negative: the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.

zero: the reaction is at equilibrium.

positive: the reaction is non-spontaneous in the forward direction and spontaneous in the reverse direction.

So, the right choice is:

d. ΔG°rxn is positive and the reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

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