Which of the following requires an increase in kinetic energy?

liquid ➡ solid

gas ➡ solid

gas ➡ liquid

solid ➡ gas

 solid ➡ gas

Explanation:

Solid state : In this state, the molecules are arranged in regular and repeating pattern. The molecules are closely packed that means they are fixed and vibrate in place but they can not move from one place to another. and thus have least kinetic energy.

For example : Copper

Liquid state : In this state, the molecules are present in random and irregular pattern. The molecules are closely packed but they can move from one place to another.. they have intermediate kinetic energy between solids and gases.

For example : water

Gaseous state : In this state, the molecules are present in irregular pattern. The molecules are not closely packed and they can move freely from one place to another and spread out.  They have highest kinetic energy.

For example : Helium gas

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.