Chemistry, 22.10.2019 10:00 sophiaa23

Based on the sign of e cell, classify these reactions as spontaneous or non spontaneous as written.? assume standard conditions. ni^2+ (aq) + s^2- (aq) > + ni (s) s (s) (nonspontaneous)? pb^2+ (aq) +h2 (g) > pb (s) +2h^+ (aq) (nonspontaneous)? 2ag^+ (aq) + cr(s) > 2 ag (s) +cr^2+ (aq) (spontaneous? ) are these correct?

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A electrochemical reaction is said to be spontaneous, if $E^{0} cell is positive.$

Answer 1:
Consider reaction: Ni^2+ (aq) + S^2- (aq) ----> + Ni (s) + S (s)

The cell representation of above reaction is given by;
   $S^{2-}/S // Ni^{2+}/Ni$

Hence, $E^{0}cell = E^{0} Ni^{2+/Ni} - E^{0} S/S^{2-}$
we know that, ${E^{0} Ni^{2+}/Ni = -0.25 v$
and ${E^{0} S/ S^{2-} = -0.47 v$

Therefore, $E^{0} cell$ = - 0.25 - (-0.47) = 0.22 v

Since, $E^{0} cell$ is positive, hence cell reaction is spontaneous
.....................................................................................................................

Answer 2:
Consider reaction: Pb^2+ (aq) +H2 (g) ----> Pb (s) +2H^+ (aq)

The cell representation of above reaction is given by;
   $H_{2} / H^{+} // Pb^{2+} /Pb$

Hence, $E^{0}cell = E^{0} Pb/Pb^{2+} - E^{0} H_{2}/H^{+}$
we know that, ${E^{0} Pb^{2+}/Pb = -0.126 v$
and ${E^{0} H_{2}/ H^{+} = -0 v$

Therefore, $E^{0} cell$ = - 0.126 - 0 = -0.126 v

Since,   $E^{0} cell$ is negative, hence cell reaction is non-spontaneous.

....................................................................................................................

Answer 3:
Consider reaction: 2Ag^+ (aq) + Cr(s) ---> 2 Ag (s) +Cr^2+ (aq)

The cell representation of above reaction is given by;
   $Cr/Cr^{2+} // Ag^{+}/Ag$

Hence, $E^{0}cell = E^{0} Ag^{+}/Ag - E^{0} Cr/Cr^{2+}$
we know that, ${E^{0} Ag^{+}/Ag = -0.22 v$
and ${E^{0} Cr/ Cr^{2+} = -0.913 v$

Therefore, $E^{0} cell$ = - 0.22 - (-0.913) = 0.693 v

Since,   $E^{0} cell$ is positive, hence cell reaction is spontaneous

Answer from: aletadaboss

$Ni^{2+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ni(s)+S(s)$ : non spontaneous

$Pb^{2+}(aq)+H_2(g)\rightarrow Pb(s)+2H^+(aq)$ : non spontaneous

$2Ag^{+}(aq)+Cr(s)\rightarrow 2Ag(s)+Cr^{2+}(aq)$ : spontaneous

Explanation:

a) $Ni^{2+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ni(s)+S(s)$

Here S undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. Ni undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.

$E^0=E^0_{cathode}- E^0_{anode}$

Where both E^0 are standard reduction potentials.

$E^0_{[Ni^{2+}/Ni]}=-0.25V$

$E^0_{[S^{2-}/S]}=0.407VV$

$E^0=E^0_{[Ni^{2+}/Ni]}- E^0_{[S^{2-}/S]}$

E^0=-0.25-(0.407V)-0.657V

As value of E^0 is negative, the reaction is non spontaneous.

b) $Pb^{2+}(aq)+H_2(g)\rightarrow Pb(s)+2H^+(aq)$

Here Hydrogen undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. Pb undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.

$E^0=E^0_{cathode}- E^0_{anode}$

Where both E^0 are standard reduction potentials.

$E^0_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}=-0.13$

$E^0_{[H^{+}/H_2]}=0V$

$E^0=E^0_{[Pb^{2+}/Pb]}- E^0_{[H^{+}/H_2]}$

E^0=-0.13-(0V)=-0.13V

As value of E^0 is negative, the reaction is non spontaneous.

c) $2Ag^{+}(aq)+Cr(s)\rightarrow 2Ag(s)+Cr^{2+}(aq)$

Here Cr undergoes oxidation by loss of electrons, thus act as anode. Ag undergoes reduction by gain of electrons and thus act as cathode.

$E^0=E^0_{cathode}- E^0_{anode}$

Where both E^0 are standard reduction potentials.

$E^0_{[Ag^{+}/Ag]}=+0.80V$

$E^0_{[Cr^{2+}/Cr]}=-0.913V$

$E^0=E^0_{[Ag^{+}/Ag]}- E^0_{[Cr^{2+}/Cr]}$

E^0=+0.80-(-0.913V)=1.713V

As value of E^0 is positive, the reaction is spontaneous.

Answer from: Quest

it is called acid bonding

Answer from: Quest

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

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