How are ionic bonds and van der waals forces similar

Avariable that is not being directly tested during an experiment should be

Alice did an experiment to find the relationship between the angle at which a ray of light strikes a mirror and the angle at which the mirror reflects the light. she placed a ray box in front of a mirror. she changed the angle at which the light from the ray box struck the mirror and noted the corresponding angle at which the mirror reflected the light. which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment? the mirror used to reflect the light the ray box used as the source of light angle at which the light from the ray box strikes the mirror angle at which the mirror reflects the light from the ray box

Asubstance is held in an open container. its particles move past one another at random speeds but do not leave the container. heat is removed from the system, and the particles slow down. when enough heat is removed, the particles no longer have enough speed to overcome the weak attractive forces between them. when this happens, the substance enters its solid state. the process described above is known as .