Sulfonation of naphthalene, c10h8, results in two products. one product is kinetically favored and predominates in the beginning of the reaction. because the reaction is reversible, eventually the kinetically slower but thermodynamically favored product predominates. draw the structure of these two products. (the naphthalene ring is already drawn for you. do not change the double bond configuration in the given structures.)

Explanation:

The sulfonation of the naphthalene yield 2 products under different conditions:

When the reaction is carried at 80 °C, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid is the major product because it is kinetically favoured product as arenium ion formed in the transition state corresponding to 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid is more stable due to better resonance stabilization.

When the reaction is carried at 160 °C, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid is the major product as it is more stable than 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid because of  steric interaction of the sulfonic acid group in 1-position and the hydrogen in 8-position.

The products are shown in image below.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%

the dependant variable is spilled water

the independent is the heat