Read the given expression.
x = atomic number − number of core electrons
which of the following explains the identity of x and its trends down a group?
a). x is the effective nuclear charge, and it remains constant down a group.
b). x is the screening constant, and it remains constant down a group.
c). x is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases down a group.
d). x is the screening constant, and it increases down a group.

when atmosphere interacts with biosphere they focuses on on the sources and sinks of green house gases (ghgs) air pollutants, particular matters, water and energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. the biosphere affects the climate. the atmosphere and biosphere are in constant interaction with each other, and all living things rely on gases in the atmosphere for life. organisms such as animals take in oxygen gas form the atmosphere to use in every cell of their body for smooth functioning of daily routine exercises.

a:

by the combination of an unlimited number of elements

it's c (engineer's do their work with mechanical stuff not on any living being)