Api controller is having a pb and integral time t, 5s. find 20% the proportional gain the integral gain a) b) the time for the controller c) output to reach 0% after a constant error of -1.5% (p above sp) starts. under nominal conditions, the setpoint is maintained with an output of 72% (oppias)

metals are good conductor of electricity. it has free electrons on their surface. according to electron pool theory, each atom present in a metal crystal losses all of its valence electron and as a result a pool of free is form. these pool of electrons are free to move and   conduct electricity easily   while making metal as good conductor.

the correct answer is a. the ability of electrons to flow throughout the metal.

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