Which of the following mixtures, with each component present at a concentration of .1m has a ph closest to 7? -hclo and naclo-hno3 and nano3-ch3cooh and nach3coogiven: pkas 3.2e-8, large, 2e-5, 4e-4 respectively

HClO/NaClO  

Explanation:

HClO;          Kₐ = 3.2 × 10⁻⁸

HNO₃;         Kₐ = large

CH₃COOH; Kₐ = 2 × 10⁻⁵

The most effective buffer will contain an acid with a pKₐ close the desired pH.

The buffer pair HClO/NaClO is the closest match.

pH = pKₐ = -log (3.2 × 10⁻⁸) = 7.49.

HNO₃/NaNO₃ will give pH ≈ 1

CH₃COOH/CH₃COONa  will give a pH closer to 4.7

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.

one negative thing it that it can kill water animals. another negative thing is it can cause the destruction of ecosystem. one way water pollution can be reduced is to conserve energy.