Part 1. a glass bottle, which is half-filled with water, has a balloon attached to its opening. the bottle is placed in a hot water bath for some time. explain the change to the size of the balloon based on the kinetic molecular theory.
part 2. what would most likely happen to the balloon if the borte was then placed into a jar of cold water with ice cubes? explain your answer based on the kinetic molecular theory.
in both cases, assume the balloon is attached tightly enough so that air does not escape the system.

Explanation:

A body which is moving has kinetic energy. The kinetic theory takes into account the fact that molecules are constantly in continual motion and we can explain the behaviour of matter in using the theory.

The change in size of the ballon can account for by the increase in kinetic energy as a result of rise in temperature of the water in the bottle when it comes in contact with the hot water bath. The molecules of the water would gain more kinetic energy for them to move freely and move in gaseous form to fill the balloon. This why the size of the balloon will increase.

If the bottle was then place in cold water, the vapor filling the balloon will loose their kinetic energy and they will condense. Therefore, the size of the balloon will shrink as the vapor turns to water.

The kinetic theory assumes that the molecules of matter are in continuous motion which is very fast with gaseous molecules, fast with liquid molecules and slower with solid molecules. Also, temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules. That is, there’s a direct relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of molecules. This means that an increase in temperature leads to a corresponding increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules and vice versa.

I.In the first case, there will be an increase in evaporation of the liquid molecules leading to an increase in the number of gaseous molecules in the balloon hence inflating the balloon.

Evaporation is a process whereby the more energetic molecules of a liquid on its surface break free from the attraction of the liquid molecules and escape to the space above. So, as the temperature of the liquid is increased, the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules increases. This increases the frequency of collisions of the surface liquid molecules leading to an increase in evaporation. As more liquid molecules evaporate from the liquid and turns to vapor, there is increase in the gas molecules in the balloon subsequently leading to the increase in the size of the balloon.

II.In the second case, there will be condensation, resulting in a deflation of the balloon.

Condensation is a process whereby more energetic molecules (like gas molecules) lose some of their kinetic energy to a colder body and condenses as liquid droplets on the colder body.

With the half-filled glass bottle in a cold water bath, some of the gases in the balloon will experience a reduction in speed and will lose their kinetic energy to the colder body by condensing as droplets of water into the bottle, thereby leading to decrease in the number of gaseous molecules in the balloon, so, reducing the size of the balloon.

Condensation can also be clearly seen when droplets of water are observed on the body of a can of cold drink just brought out of the refrigerator after a while. This happens because the water vapor around the drink loses some of their kinetic energy to the drink ( colder body ) and condenses as water droplets on the surface of the can.