The equilibrium reaction below has the kc = 3.93. if the volume of the system at equilibrium is increased from 2.00 liters to 8.00 liters, how and for what reason will the equilibrium shift? be sure to calculate the value of the reaction quotient, q, and use this to confirm your answer.
co (g) + 3h2(g) -ch4(g) + h2o (g)

Q = 62.9

Q > Kc, so the reaction will proceed to the left so that Q takes the value of Kc.

Explanation:

Let's consider the following reaction.

CO(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇄ CH₄(g) + H₂O(g)

The equilibrium constant (Kc) is:

If the volume is multiplied by 4 (2.00 L → 8.00 L), the concentrations will be divided by 4. The reaction quotient (Q) is:

Q > Kc, so the reaction will proceed to the left so that Q takes the value of Kc.

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."