What are some similarities among the organisms listed on the cards what are some differences?

The answer is d- principle of faunal succession.

Answer: 1s²  2s²  2p⁶explanation: from the periodic table, we can note that the neutral fluorine  has 9 electrons (symbol is shown in the attached image)therefore, the configuration of neutral fluorine  is: 1s²  2s²  2p⁵now, f⁻  means that the neutral fluorine  gained one extra electron. this means that f⁻  has 10 electrons.the extra electron will occupy the 2p level to make it complete.the configuration now  is: 1s²  2s²  2p⁶comparing between both f and f⁻, we can note that f⁻  has now complete orbitals which means that it is more stable than f based on lewis postulatehope this : )