how much naoh must be added to make the ph of the solution 4.5?
(you can ignore the change in volume due to the added naoh).
show all the steps of calculations and explain your reasoning behind it.

given information:

2.2m solution of hcooh. you want the solution to have a ph of 4.5. the total volume of the solution is 250ml.
pka of hcooh = 3.77

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

the answer is d. 74.02