Pure substances found on the periodic table are called what?

If you add 10ml of hot water to 10ml of cold water and the change in tempature 8°c calculate how much energy is gained by the cold water

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

How will the volume of a gas be affected if the pressure is tripled, but the temperature remains the same?