Photosynthesis and glucose metabolism are able to use energy from the sun or glucose molecules to push hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient. this stored energy can then be harnessed to synthesize atp. the process of pushing hydrogen ions across the membrane against their gradient is an example of which of the following?

Osmosis

Explanation:

The osmosis is a movement from somewhere with a lower concentration of a substance to somewhere with a higher concentration of the same substance. Against the concentration gradient. It occurs through a semi permeable membrane which prevents a non desired substance cross it. Also, it's very important to biological process.

the answer is minerals.