Chemistry, 24.10.2019 17:43 odetteerivera

In the process for the manufacture of chlorine by direct oxidation of hcl with air over a catalyst to form cl2 and h2o (only), the exit product is composed of mole fractions of cl2 (21.4%), h2o (21.4%), and n2 (45.0%) – the remainder is hcl and o2. calculate and /or identify: (a) the limiting reactant? (b) the percentage excess reactant? (c) the degree of completion of the reaction? (d) the extent of reaction?

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Answer from: KingMack1136

a) The limiting reactant is HCl.

b) The percentage excess reactant is 88,5%

c) The degree of completion of the reaction is 99,8%

d) The extent of reaction is 0,107

Explanation:

The oxidation of HCl with O₂ is:

4 HCl + O₂ → 2 Cl₂ + 2 H₂O

In air, 78% is N₂ and O₂ is 21%

The initial mole fraction of gases is:

Y + X×0,78 + X×0,21 = 1

Where Y is the mole fraction of HCl and X is the mole fraction of air.

As Nitrogen doesn't react X×0,78 = 0,45. Thus, X = 0,577.

Y + 0,577×0,78 + 0,577×0,21 = 1

Y = 0,429.

a) For a complete reaction of 0,429 moles of HCl it is necessary:

0,429 moles HCl × $\frac{1 moles O_{2}}{4 moles HCl}$ = 0,10725 moles of O₂

As you have 0,577×0,21 = 0,1212 moles of O₂ The limiting reactant is HCl

b) The percentage excess reactant is:

0,1075 moles / 0,1212 moles × 100 = 88,5%

c) As the percent of products is 21,4% + 21,4% = 42,8%

0,429 moles of HCl produce × $\frac{2 moles Cl_{2}}{4 moles HCl}$ = 0,2145 moles of Cl₂ that are the same than moles of H₂O.

As mole percent of Cl₂ and H₂O is 21,4%. The degree of completion of the reaction is:

0,214/0,2145×100 = 99,8%

d) The extent of reaction is defined as:

$E = \frac{n_{f} - n_{i}}{m}$

Where n are the final and initial moles of reactant and m is the stoichiometric coefficient.

For HCl the final moles are:

0,429 - 0,214 moles of Cl₂ produce × $\frac{4 moles HCl}{2 moles Cl_{2}}$ = 0,001 moles of HCl. As initial moles are 0,429 and stoichiometric coefficient is 4, extent of reaction is 0,107

I hope it helps!

Answer from: Quest

b. acid is the correct answer @jayxboof all social media

acid : acids are those which accepts an electron-pairs.

base : bases are those which donates ab electron-pairs.

alkali : it is a base that dissolves in water. it is basically a base and the ph greater than 7.

hydroxide ion : it is a poly-atomic ion which is negatively charged.

Answer from: Quest

Alpha particles have positive charge, beta particles have negative charge, and answer 4 just doesn’t make sense. thus, you are left with only one possible answer.

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