Chemistry, 25.10.2019 22:43 michellemitchel

In the mitochondrial electron transfer chain, one of the steps that mediates transfer of electrons from nadh to o2 is the transfer of electrons from the reduced (ferrous) heme of cytochrome b to the oxidized (ferric) heme of cytochrome c1: fe ii (cyt b) + fe iii (cyt c1) → fe iii (cyt b) + fe ii (cyt c1) the standard state reduction potentials of fe iii (cyt c1) and fe iii (cyt b) are 0.25 v and 0.08 v, respectively, relative to the standard hydrogen electrode.(a) express the above redox reaction as two half reactions, one as an oxidation and one as a reduction. (b) determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction as written. is this reaction spontaneous, favoring products?

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Answer from: demeckoferguson

(a) Oxidation: Fe(II)(cyt b) ⇌ Fe(III)(cyt b) + e⁻

Reduction: Fe(III)(cyt c1) + e⁻ ⇌ Fe(II)(cyt c1)

(b) K = 750; spontaneous

Explanation:

(a) Half-reactions

Oxidation: Fe(II)(cyt b) ⇌ Fe(III)(cyt b) + e⁻

Reduction: Fe(III)(cyt c1) + e⁻ ⇌ Fe(II)(cyt c1)

Overall: Fe(II)(cyt b) + Fe(III)(cyt c1) ⇌ Fe(III)(cyt b) + Fe(II)(cyt c1)

(b) Equilibrium constant

(i) Standard cell potential

The standard reduction potentials are

E°/V

Fe(III)(cyt c1) + e⁻ ⇌ Fe(II)(cyt c1); 0.25

Fe(III)(cyt b) + e- ⇌ Fe(II)(cyt b); 0.08

For the reaction in Part (a),

E°/V

Fe(II)(cyt b) ⇌ Fe(III)(cyt b) -0.08

Fe(III)(cyt c1) ⇌ Fe(II)(cyt c1) 0.25

Fe(II)(cyt b) + Fe(III)(cyt c1) ⇌ Fe(III)(cyt b) + Fe(II)(cyt c1) 0.17

The standard cell potential is 0.17 V.

(ii) Equilibrium constant

$\begin{array}{rcl}E^{\circ}& = & \dfrac{RT}{nF}\ln K \\\\0.17 & = &\dfrac{8.314 \times 298.15}{1\times 96485}\ln K \\\\& = & 0.0257 \ln K\\\ln K & = & \dfrac{0.17}{0.257}\\\\& = & 6.62\\K& = & e^{6.62}\\& = & \mathbf{750}\\\end{array}$

E° and K are positive, so the reaction is spontaneous.

Answer from: Quest

answer: atomic mass was originally used to arrange elements on the periodic table, but is no longer used to organize the modern version.

explanation:

originally atomic mass was used to arrange elements on the periodic table from left to right in a row. each column then shows similar properties of elements of a group.

in modern periodic table, the atoms are arranged in increasing atomic number. as atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom which is unique for every atom.

Answer from: Quest

I'm sorry but i'm only grade

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