Sucrose, a major product of photosynthesis in green leaves, is synthesized by a battery of enzymes. the substrates for sucrose synthesis, d-glucose and d-fructose, are a mixture of α and β anomers as well as linear compounds in solution. nonetheless, sucrose consists of α-d-glucose linked by its carbon-1 atom to the carbon-2 atom of β-d-fructose. how can the specificity of the glycosidic bond in sucrose be explained in light of the structural diversity of the potential substrates for sucrose synthesis?

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Consider the elements bromine and chlorine; which elements has a larger ionic radius ?

Chromosome 17 is made of over million base pairs.