What volume of a 4.5 m solution of phosphate is necessary to create a 80.0 ml stock of 2.0 m phosphate solution?

V1 = 45.6 ml

Explanation:

This is a dilution process whereby the concentration of phosphate in the solution is being reduced from 4.5m to 2m. Meanwhile. In a concentration process, the concentration of the phosphate solution will be increased. It can be achieved by removing solvents.

The dilution equation will be used. The equation is as follows:

M1V1 = M2V2 where

V1 = Initial volume of phosphate solution.

M1 = Initial concentration of phosphate solution.

V2 =Final volume of phosphate solution.

M2 = Final concentration of phosphate solution .

From the information given,

M1 = 4.5

V1 = ?

M2 = 2.0

V2 = 80

4.5 × V1 = 2×80

4.5V1 = 160

V1 = 160/4.5

= 35.6 ml

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation:

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