Achip that is of length l = 5 mm on a side and thickness t = 1 mm is encased in a ceramic substrate, and its exposed surface is convectively cooled by a dielectric liquid for which h = 150 w/m^2
⋅
k and t = 20
o
c. in the off-mode the chip is in thermal equilibrium with the coolant (t
i
= t
[infinity]
) when the chip is energized, however, its temperature increases until a new steeds state is established. for purposes of analysis. the energized chip is characterized by uniform volumetric heating with q = 9
×
10
6
w/m
3
.

a) assuming an infinite contact resistance between the chip and substrate and negligible conduction resistance within the chip, determine the steady-state chip temperature t
f
.
b) following activation of the chip, how long does it take to come within 1
o
c of this temperature? the chip density and specific heat are
rho
= 2000 kg/m
3
and c = 700 j/kg
⋅
k, respectively.

Achemist at a pharmaceutical company is measuring equilibrium constants for reactions in which drug candidate molecules bind to a protein involved in cancer. the drug molecules bind the protein in a 1: 1 ratio to form a drug-protein complex. the protein concentration in aqueous solution at 25 ˚c is 1.74 x10-6 m . drug a is introduced into the protein solution at an initial concentration of 2.00 x10-6m. drug b is introduced into a separate, identical protein solution at an initial concentration of 2.00 x10-6m. at equilibrium, the drug a-protein solution has an a-protein complex concentration of 1.00 x10-6m, and the drug b solution has a b-protein complex concentration of 1.40 x10-6m.a. calculate the kc value for the a-protein binding reaction.b. calculate the kc value for the b-protein binding reaction.c. assuming that the drug that binds more strongly will be more effective, which drug is the better choice for further research?