What type of ions do nonmetals naturally form?
a. negative ions, by gaining electrons to fill the valence shell
b. negative ions, by losing electrons to empty the valence shell
c. positive ions, by gaining electrons to fill the valence shell
d. positive ions, by losing electrons to empty the valence shell

A.

Explanation:

Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table. That means they have a negative charge.

When they have a negative charge, they want to gain electrons because they are almost full in their valence shell and it is easier to gain electrons than to gain more than they would need to lose.

Positive charges want to lose electrons because they can lose more than they would need to gain.

Hope this helps

d.) circle motion requires a force to give it a centripetal acceleration.

the electrical  conductivity  of asolution  of an electrolyte is measured by determining the resistance of thesolution  between two flat or cylindrical electrodes separated by a fixed distance.