Consider the following reaction: cocl2(g) ⇌ co(g) + cl2(g) a reaction mixture initially contains 1.6 m cocl2. determine the equilibrium concentration of co if kc for the reaction at this temperature is 8.33 × 10-4 (hint: note the size of kc).

The equilibrium concentration of CO is 0.0361 M

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Kc = 8.33 *10^-4

Molarity of COCl2 = 1.6 M

Step 2: The balanced equation:

COCl2(g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2(g)

Step 3: Calculate final concentrations

The initial concentration of COCl2 = 1.6M

The initial concentration of CO and Cl2 = 0M

There will react xM of COCl2

Since the mole ratio is 1:1

The final concentration of CO and Cl2 will be X M

The final concentration of COCl2 will be (1.6 -X)M

Step 4: Define Kc

Kc=  [CO] *[Cl2] /  [COCl2]  = 8.33*10^-4

Kc = X*X / 1.6-X = 8.33 * 10^-4

8.33 * 10^-4  = X² /(1.6-X)

8.33 * 10^-4 *(1.6 -X) = X²

0.0013328 - 8.33*10^-4 X = X²

X² + 8.33*10^-4 X  - 0.0013328= 0

X = 0.0361 M = [CO] = [Cl2]

[COCl2] = 1.6 - 0.0361 = 1.5639 M

To control this we can calculate the Kc

(0.0361*0.0361)/1.5639 = 0.000833

in 1783 cavendish was working with his hydrogen gas and found that when he burned it and condensed the vapor it was water. this was very significant since it disproved the greek theory of elements completely since water was not a simple substance but the product of two gases. it was lavoisier who hearing of the experiment gave cavendish's gas the name hydrogen ("water-producer") and added that hydrogen burned by combining with oxygen and that water was a hydrogen-oxygen combination.

explanation:

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.