Calculate the heat of vaporization of carbon tetrachloride given that the standard molar enthalpy of formation of liquid carbon tetrachloride is -135.4 kj/mol and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of gaseous carbon tetrachloride is -102.9 kj/mol.
a. +102.9 kj/mol
b. -32.5 kj/mol
c. +238.3 kj/mol
d. +32.5 kj/mol
e. -238.3 kj/mol

why is the answer d? for any

vanderwaal's forces of attraction are the electrostatic intermolecular forces that exist in a molecule due to the temporary or permanent dipoles that are developed in a molecule. in , the major intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions as the molecule is polar (bent structure). so the vanderwaal's forces of interaction in between molecules are the permanent dipole-dipole interactions that develop due to the dipole that exists in between the polar h - s bond. the positively charged hydrogen atom is attracted towards the negative end of the dipole that is sulfur of the adjacent molecule. therefore, these forces of attraction are relatively stronger than that of london dispersion forces that exist in non polar molecules.

the potential energy of the reactants is 200j.

from the energy diagram, the energy of the product formed is 350j; this means that, this reaction is an endothermic reaction, because it absorbs energy from its environment.