As atoms gain energy, they move faster and slide past one another more easily. atoms at the surface of the substance overcome attractions to nearby atoms and break free of the surface. which change of state is taking place?
- liquid to gas
- gas to liquid
- liquid to solid
- solid to liquid

Liquid to gas

Explanation:

There are three states of matter, the solid, liquid and gaseous states. These states can be compared in a number of ways. These comparisms would tell us that the molecules of gases have the highest mobility.

The freedom possessed by these molecules are as a result of there inherent kinetic energy. While we have the highest confinement for solids, molecules of solids still have a level of freedom and hence although confined can move in some directions but are not entirely free from the total confinement of intermolecular forces like solids.

Hence,this total freedom is a character of gaseous molecules. As we were made to know in the question that they already had exhibited degree of movement to an extent,the total breakaway is to the gaseous state.

Thus,the phase transition is from liquid to gaseous state.

part 1: the half-life of the element is 22 years.

part 2: it will take 132.02 year for the sample to decay from 308.0 g to 4.8125 g.

explanation:

part 1: there are two ways to determine the half life time.

first way: the half life time can be determined directly from its definition as it is the time required for the sample to decay to its half concentration.

from the data the initial concentration was 45.0 g and decayed to its half value (22.5 g) in 22.0 years.

second way: the radio active decay is considered first order reaction so we can use the laws of first order reactions.

k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x), where k is the rate constant of the reaction,

t is the time of the reaction

a is the initial concentration of the reactant

a-x is the remaining concentration at time (t)

a = 45.0 g the initial concentration at t = 0 year.

at t = 22 year, a-x = 22.5 g

then k = (1/22 year) ln (45.0 g/ 22.5 g) = 0.0315 year-1.

the half-life time (t1/2) = ln 2/ k = 0.693/ k =0.693/ 0.0315 = 22 years.

part 2:

using the same law k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x),

using the given data; a = 308.0 g and a-x = 4.8125 g and the calculated k from the part 1 (k = 0.0315 year-1)

t = (1/k) ln (a/a-x) = (1/0.0315) ln (308.0/ 4.8125) = 132.02 years

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