Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. it is not possible to know the exact location of an electron and its exact energy simultaneously. b. the energies of an hydrogen atom's electrons are quantized. c. the wave mechanical model correctly predicts all the energy states and the orbitals available to an electron in an hydrogen atom. d. the behavior of an atom's electrons can be described by circular orbits around a nucleus. e. electrons have both wave and particle properties.

D. The behavior of an atom's electrons can be described by circular orbits around a nucleus.

Explanation:

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. It is not possible to know the exact location of an electron and its exact energy simultaneously. CORRECT. This is known as the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

B. The energies of an hydrogen atom's electrons are quantized. CORRECT. According to the modern atomic model, the energy levels are quantized, that is, they have a discrete amount of energy.

C. The wave mechanical model correctly predicts all the energy states and the orbitals available to an electron in an hydrogen atom. CORRECT. The characteristics of the energy levels are explained by Schrödinger's wave equation.

D. The behavior of an atom's electrons can be described by circular orbits around a nucleus. INCORRECT. This was postulated by Bohr's atomic model but it is now considered to be incorrect.

E. Electrons have both wave and particle properties. CORRECT. This is what De Broglie called wave-particle duality.