Areaction will be spontaneous only at low temperatures if both δh and δs are negative. for a reaction in which δh = −320.1 kj/mol and δs = −86.00 j/k · mol.

determine the temperature (in °c) below which the reaction is spontaneous.

This reaction is spontaneous for temperature lower than 3722.1 Kelvin or 3448.95 °C

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

ΔH = −320.1 kJ/mol

ΔS = −86.00 J/K · mol.

Step 2: Calculate the temperature

ΔG<0 = spontaneous

ΔG= ΔH - TΔS

ΔH - TΔS  <0

-320100 - T*(-86) <0

-320100 +86T < 0

-320100 < -86T

320100/86 > T

3722.1 > T

The temperature should be lower than 3722.1 Kelvin (= 3448.9 °C)

We can prove this with Temperature T = 3730 K

-320100 -3730*(-86) <0

-320100 + 320780  = 680 this is greater than 0 so it's non spontaneous

T = 3700 K

-320100 -3700*(-86) <0

-320100 + 318200  = -1900 this is lower than 0 so it's spontaneous

The temperature is quite high because of the big difference between ΔH and ΔS.

This reaction is spontaneous for temperature lower than 3722.1 Kelvin or 3448.95 °C

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.