In nucleophilic acyl . an sn2 reaction occurs. b. protonation of the carbonyl is followed immediately by loss of the leaving group. c. loss of the leaving group is followed by rearrangement of the carbocation. d. ester hydrolysis is followed by deprotonation. e. addition to the carbonyl by a nucleophile is followed by loss of the leaving group

E. addition to the carbonyl by a nucleophile is followed by loss of the leaving group

Explanation:

Nucleophilic acyl substitution -

It is the type of substitution reaction , in which a nucleophile is substituted to the carbonyl center with the removal of a leaving group , is known as a nucleophilic acyl substitution .

In this reaction , a good nucleophile , i.e. electron rich species attacks the carbonyl position of the acyl group , and tends to remove the leaving group and gives the final product of the reaction .

- both b and d.

-since b and d are the closest coastlines then that makes it the most affected.

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