Consider an ionic compound, mx, composed of generic metal m and generic, gaseous halogen x. the enthalpy of formation of mx is δhf° = –423 kj/mol. the enthalpy of sublimation of m is δhsub = 119 kj/mol. the ionization energy of m is ie = 469 kj/mol. the electron affinity of x is δhea = –301 kj/mol. (refer to the hint). the bond energy of x2 is be = 161 kj/mol. determine the lattice energy of mx.

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)benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. consider an equimolar solution of benzene and toluene. at 20 °c the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 9.9 kpa and 2.9 kpa, respectively. the solution is boiled by reducing the external pressure below the vapour pressure. calculate (i) the pressure when boiling begins, (ii) the composition of each component in the vapour, and (iii) the vapour pressure when only a few drops of liquid remain. assume that the rate of vaporization is low enough for the temperature to remain constant at 20 °c.