Agalaxy is a group of billions of stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound
together by
a. friction
b. gravity
c. light
d. water

Gravity (B)

Explanation:

In reality this is an easy question to answer, but i'll explain it. The black hole in the center of whatever galaxy is creating an insane amount of gravity, pulling everything towards it and thus keeping it together.

alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

: )