How did scientist discover that earths outer core is liquid

Which statement best describes the oxidation numbers of the atoms found in magnesium chloride? a. magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 1+ oxidation number. b. magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 2+ oxidation number. c. magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number. d. magnesium has a 1+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number.

Can someone me with these questions plz.

Which process does not require the presence of a physical substance in order to transfer heat? air in the atmosphere is heated by the ground. this warm air then rises, and cooler air falls. this is an example of what type of process? how is conduction different from radiation?