How are molarity and osmolarity different? what property of salts necessitates this distinction? how does this property affect the behavior of water?

Explanation:

The number of moles that are present in a liter of a solution is called Molarity. Mole is the unit of Molarity.The concentration of the solutes that are present in a solution refers to Osmolarity . The unit is osmol. This helps in observing the movement of water from one side to another side of a semipermeable membrane.

The main property of salts that helps to understand the differentiation between the molarity and osmolarity is the salts Ionization.  One mole Na+ and one mole of Cl- is produced by the dissociation of a mole of sodium chloride occurs. The diffusion of water is the osmosis. Here, the one molar sodium chloride solution produces a osmotic pressure which is high than one molar glucose solution and this will not undergo dissociation.

the child will have heterozygous dominant chromosomes as characters of his father are dominant over the characters of his mother.

the child is heterozygous

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.