1. A growing concern in agricultural and food chemistry is the presence of residues in food. We use many forms of organic chemicals in agriculture and food chemistry and there is growing concern as to how safe these materials are. Choose an organic chemical used in agricultural of food chemistry and report on the functional groups contained in your compound, the uses of the compound, and the safety of that compound. This research will require one or more outside sources. Ensure all citations are in APA format.
2. Choose a compound that is classified as an ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, or alcohol, or amide. Report on important applications of this compound using at least one outside source. Next, write the condensed structural formula of a simple molecule with an ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, or alcohol functional group for your peers to name. Then, determine the name of one of the molecules that your peers posted, walking us through the naming process.

1. Ammonia: NH3

Functional group: amino group

Uses: Ammonia is very important in the nitrogen fertilizer industry. It can be added directly to the soil or transformed into a variety of nitrogen fertilizers. Special safety and handling precautions are required.

Management practices: The facilities where it is stored and during application in the field, appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. Because ammonia is very soluble in water, it can react with moisture in the body, such as the lungs and eyes, causing severe damage.

2.Phenylpropargyl alcohol with herbicidal properties. The structure is in the attached file.

Explanation:

NH3 has the highest N content of all commercial fertilizers, making it a popular source of N despite the potential danger it has and the safety practices it requires for its use. When NH3 is applied directly to the ground, it is a pressurized liquid that, upon leaving the tank, immediately becomes vapor. The NH3 is always placed at least 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 ’’) below the ground surface to prevent vapor loss into the atmosphere. Various types of chisels and drag blades are used to place the NH3 in the right place. NH3 reacts rapidly with edaphic water and passes into the ammonium form (NH4 +), which is retained at cationic soil exchange sites. Sometimes, NH3 dissolves in water to produce ammonium hydroxide ("aqueous ammonia"), a popular liquid nitrogen fertilizer. Aqueous ammonia does not need to be injected as deeply as NH3, which provides benefits for field application and presents fewer safety precautions. Frequently, aqueous ammonia is added to irrigation water and used in waterlogged soil conditions (IPNI, s. F.).

Immediately after application, the high concentration of NH3 around the injection site causes a temporary inhibition of soil microorganisms. However, the microbial population recovers as NH3 is transformed into NH4 +, diffused from the point of application, and then converted to nitrate (NO3 -). Similarly, to avoid damage during germination, the seeds should not be placed in the vicinity of the NH3 application area. Careless leaks of NH3 into the atmosphere should be avoided as much as possible. NH3 emissions are related to atmospheric fog and changes in rainwater chemistry. The presence of high concentrations of NH3 in surface water can be harmful to aquatic organisms (IPNI, s. F.).

The sequence of reactions to produce phenylpropargyl alcohol involved the initial production of acetophenone, whose treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and diethyl chlorophosphate produced enol phosphate, which with two equivalents of LDA (to generate the phenylacetyl anion) and 2-methylcyclohexanone as an electrophile, led to phenylpropargyl alcohol with herbicidal properties (Romero-Martínez et al., 2002)

References

IPNI. (s. f.). Amoníaco. hojas informativas Fuentes de Nutrientes Específicas. Ecuador.

Romero-Martínez, A., James-Molina, G., & Haro-Castellanos, J. A. (2002). Tendencias en la síntesis de herbicidas. Revista de la Sociedad Química de México, 46, 54-63.

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