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Atoms form ions by gaining and losing electrons. They do this to become stable. Stability in an atom means that it obtains a full valence shell of electrons, usually 8, just like a noble gas! Match each element to the ion that it forms. Use your periodic table for this one!

Magnesium, an alkaline earth metal
Aluminum, a metal in group 13
Phosphorous, a nonmetal in group 15
Lithium, an alkali metal
Fluorine, a halogen

Options: +1, -3, +2, -1, +3

magnesium= +2

aluminum= +3

phosphorous= -3

lithium= +1

fluorine= -1

Explanation:

As fluorine having seven valance electrons in its outer most shell with atomic number nine. And for completing its outer most shell it needs one more electron that is why it form ion of -1 value.

Now  Aluminum has three electrons in its outer most shell with atomic number 13. So it need to lose these three electrons in order to be in stable state that is why it have ion in +3 state.

Same rule apply for other elements too.