The terms vitrification, oxidation, water smoking, and flashing are all associated with: Select one: Select one:
a. spanning openings with bricks or other masonry units.
b. cleaning bricks after masons install them.
c. chemical processes involved in mortar hydration.
d. firing bricks in a kiln.
e. chemical reactions during the installation of foamed-in-place insulation.

Answer is option D.

The terms vitrification, oxidation, water smoking, and flashing are all associated with firing bricks in a kiln.

Explanation:

Brick is one of the building materials made from the clay. The manufacturing process of brick include;

1) Winning - It is the process of mining of clay and its transportation to the manufacturing site.

2) Preparation - It includes the crushing and grinding of clay and later mixing them into a uniform raw material.

3) Forming/Molding - It is the process of mixing water with the clay mix and mold it into the desired shape. The plasticity of the clay depends on the amount of water used.

4) Drying - The process of removing the moisture from wet clay by drying it through evaporation.

5) Firing and Cooling - Firing is the process of burning the clay in a kiln and it usually requires  40 - 150 hours. The different stages in firing are;

6) Drawing - It is the process involving the unloading of the kiln after cooling and packing of the bricks for further shipment.

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