In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, whereas in ketones the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom.

Determine which of the following statements are true.

a. Ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar size

b. Aldehydes with more than five carbon atoms are soluble in water, but not organic solvents.

c. Butanal has a higher boiling point than 2-butanol

d. Aldehydes contain a carbon-oxygen double bond.

e. Both aldehydes and ketones can hydrogen bond with water molecules.

f. Propanal is a gas at room temperature, whereas formaldehyde (methanal) is a liquid at room temperature.

A,D,E,F

Explanation:

A.Ketones generally have lower boiling points in relation to alcohols because of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

D.Aldehyde group is known for this C=O group in which Carbon has a double bond with Oxygen.

E. Aldehydes and Ketones can’t hydrogen bond with each other but they can hydrogen bond with water

F. Formaldehyde used in the laboratory for preservation is a liquid at room temperature while propanol which has more carbon is gaseous

B is wrong because as the Carbon increases the solubility in water decreases

C is wrong because 2-butanol has a bp of 100 degree celsius while butanal has a bp of around 74.

not clear

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.