During an acid/base titration, Timothy was using a burette. In order to determine the volume of titrant added, Timothy needed to read and record the initial burette reading before beginning the titration and the final reading after reaching the end point of the titration. While recording these measurements, Tom was incorrectly reading the top of the meniscus. Will this systematic error influence his result? Why or why not?

The answer to the question is

The error due to taking measurement from the top will lead to an overestimation of the reagent by up to  0.08 cm³ where the maximum error in each measurement of a burette is 0.5 cm³, therefore the error is within acceptable limits.

Explanation:

The meniscus of the liquid is the shape of the surface of a liquid as observed when the liquid is in narrow container such as in a burret. The shape of the meniscusis due to the effect of surface tension.

When taking measurements from a burette, it is important that the eye should be at the same level as that of the meniscus with the reading taking from the bottom of the meniscus

The error of reading from the top of the burette instead of the bottom is a form of parallax error

The maximum error allowed in burette measurement is 0.05 cm³ while the error of reading from the top leads to an error of 19.70 -  19.62 = -0.08 l which is equivalent to -0.08 cm³

The error is within the acceptable limits but it could be larger and impact on the results of experiments as there would be

1. Less reagent to complete a chemical reaction

2. Different rate of reaction

3. Wastage of reagents

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.