Which sample, when dissolved in 1.0 liter of water, produces a solution with the lowest freezing point

Explanation:

Freezing point depression of a solution, when a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a solvent, is a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of particles of solute dissolved.

The equation is:

Where:

Since the volume is the same for all the solutoins, the molal concentration will be higher for those solutions with more number of moles. Then, cross out the first two choices.

Since CaCl₂, in ideal conditions, dissociates into 1 Ca²⁺ ion and 2 Cl⁻ ions, the van't Hoff factor is 3, while for the molcecular C₆H₁₂O₆ it is 1.

Thus, the lowest freezing point will be produced by the sample of 0.2 mol of CaCl₂.

intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.

there are two kinds of van der waals forces: weak london dispersion forces and stronger dipole-dipole forces.

in molecule of water there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of water and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of water.

hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (h), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (f), oxygen (o) and nitrogen (n) atoms.  

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