The potential energy between two atoms in a particular molecule has the form U(x) = 3.1 x8 − 4.8 x4 where the units of x are length and the numbers 3.1 and 4.8 have appropriate units so that U(x) has units of energy. What is the equilibrium separation of the atoms (that is the distance at which the force between the atoms is zero)?

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.