A current of 0.44 A is passed through a solution of a ruthenium nitrate salt, causing reduction of the metal ion to the metal. After 25.0 minutes, 0.345 g of Ru(s) has been deposited. What is the oxidation state of ruthenium in the nitrate salt?

Ruthenium has an oxidation state of +2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

A current = 0.44 A

Time = 25.0 minutes

Mass of Ru(s) = 0.345 grams

Step 2: Calculate charge

Charge = current * time

Charge = 0.44 A * 25 min *60 sec/min

Charge = 660 C

Step 3: Calculate moles electrons

1 mol e- = 660 C * (1 mol e-/ 96500 C)

1 mol e- = 6.84 * 10^-3 mol e-

Step 4: Calculate moles of Ru

Moles Ru = mass Ru / molar mass Ru

Moles Ru = 0.345 grams / 101 g/mol

Moles Ru = 3.416 * 10^-3 moles Ru

Step 5: Calculate oxidation state of ruthenium

(6.84e-3 moles e-) / (3.416e-3 moles Ru) = 2 e- / Ru atom (Ru+2)

Ruthenium has an oxidation state of +2

Since a nitrate ion has a charge of -1, ruthenium nitrate would be

Ru(NO3)2

answer : a model is often used to explain and make things easier to understand when any scientific topic needs to be demonstrated and explained.

as in this case where a scientist wants to use a model to present the results of his detailed scientific investigation. he should do it as it will him to make the audience understand the concept in a much better way. also, it can be changed according to new scientific understandings.

answer: atomic mass was originally used to arrange elements on the periodic table, but is no longer used to organize the modern version.

explanation:

originally atomic mass was used to arrange elements on the periodic table from left to right in a row. each column then shows similar properties of elements of a group.

in modern periodic table, the atoms are arranged in increasing atomic number. as atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom which is unique for every atom.