Gaining or losing or sharing electrons between atoms forms:

Hey there!

This will form cations and anions, and it can form ionic bonds.

The atom that loses electrons becomes positive, so it is a cation. The atom that gains the electrons becomes negative, so it is an anion.

Positive ions and negative ions are attracted because of electromagnetic force, so the ions can bond together with this attraction to form ionic bonds.

Hope this helps!

it means there are 3 atoms of oxygen

a polar bond is formed when electrons are shared unevenly between atoms