22) Calculate the molarity of a sugar solution if 4 liters of the solution contains 12 moles of sugar.

[]Sugar] = 3M

Explanation:

Molarity indicates the moles of solute that are contained in 1 L of solution.

For this case, solute is the sugar

And the volume of solution is 4L

Molarity (mol/L) → 12 mol/4L = 3M

We can also make a rule of three to determine this:

4 liters of solution have 12 moles of solute (sugar)

1 liter of solution must have ( 1. 12) / 4 = 3 moles

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

1. they vary with a higher number because boiling is way hotter than melting