Perform the following heat calculations. You must show all work and include units on answers.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C. How much heat is required to heat 500.0 g of water from 50.0°C to 100.°C?

A 45.4 g sample of lithium is cooled from 250.0°C to 25.0°C. The specific heat capacity of lithium is 3.56 J/g°C, what amount of heat is released?

104600 Joules; 36365.4 Joules

Explanation:

A) For question 1

The quantity of Heat Energy (Q) required to heat a substance depends on its Mass (M), specific heat capacity (C) and change in temperature (Φ)

Thus, Q = MCΦ

Since, M = 500.0 g

C = 4.184 J/g°C

Φ = 100°C - 50°C = 50°C

Q = 500g x 4.184J/g°C x 50°C

Q= 104600 Joules

Thus, it takes 104600 Joules of heat energy to heat the water

B) For question 2

The quantity of Heat Energy (Q) released on cooling a heated substance depends on its Mass (M), specific heat capacity (C) and change in temperature (Φ)

Thus, Q = MCΦ

Since, M = 45.4 g

C = 3.56 J/g°C,

Φ = 250°C - 25°C = 225°C

Q = 45.4g x 3.56J/g°C x 225°C

Q= 36365.4 Joules

Thus, 36365.4 Joules of heat energy is released when the lithium is cooled.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

smooth muscle is composed of involuntary muscles found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. those muscles push materials like food or blood through organs. unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle can never be under your control.