How can an unknown A Heaction be determined using Hess's law?
A. The free energy of the reaction is used to determine the A H for
the reaction.
O
B. The reaction is repeated at different temperatures to determine
the A Hreaction
O
C. Enthalpies from reaction steps are added to determine an
unknown A Hreaction:
D. The unknown A Heaction is determined after the reaction is run in a
calorimeter.

Choice C. In Hess's Law, from reaction steps are combined to determine an unknown

Explanation:

Consider this example: the for the two reactions are given:

The goal is to find the for reaction (3):

.

Note that adding reaction (1) and (2) gives:

.

Eliminate the intermediary species and to get:

.

That's the same as reaction (3). With the help of Hess's Law, it is possible to find the for reaction (3) without taking any measurement.

Since Reaction (1) + Reaction (2) = Reaction (3), by Hess's Law,

.

No Gibbs Free energy is involved in this calculation. There's not even the need to carry out an experiment or take any new measurements. Because of that, Hess's Law can be very useful for finding the of reactions that are hard to carry out, control, or measure. That includes finding the lattice enthalpy of ionic compounds, and finding the of the hard-to-control reaction .

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.