How many grams of antifreeze would be required per 500 g of water to prevent the water from feezing at a temperature of -39° C

333.7g of antifreeze

Explanation:

Freezing point depression in a solvent (In this case, water) occurs by the addition of a solute. The law is:

ΔT = Kf × m × i

Where:

ΔT is change in temperature (0°C - -20°C = 20°C)

Kf is freezing point depression constant (1.86°C / m)

m is molality of solution (moles solute / 0.5 kg solvent -500g water-)

i is Van't Hoff factor (1, assuming antifreeze is ethylene glycol -C₂H₄(OH)₂)

Replacing:

20°C = 1.86°C / m  × moles solute / 0.5 kg solvent × 1

5.376 = moles solute

As molar mass of ethylene glycol is 62.07g/mol:

5.376 moles × (62.07g / 1mol) = 333.7g of antifreeze.

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