Please help answer the questions!

What rule is used to determine how many covalent bonds an element can form? a. the number of covalent bonds is equal to six c the number of covalent bonds is equal to five minus the group number plus the group number b. the number of covalent bonds is equal to eight d. none of the above minus the group number select the best answer from the choices provided

Energy defines the different "states" of matter. in no more than 3 sentences, describe the amount of kinetic energy that each of the 3 states of matter possesses and relate that to the atom/molecular motion of each "state".

The lattice enthalpy (formation of ionic solid from ions in the gas phase) for agcl(s) is -916 kj/mol and the hydration enthalpy (dissolution of gaseous ions into water) is -850 kj/mol. how much heat (in joules) is involved in forming 1l of saturated agcl solution (1.8 × 10-4 g / 100 ml water) by dissolving agcl(s)? assume solution volume does not change much upon dissolution. the equations are given below. ag+(g) + cl−(g) æ agcl(s)